General Aspects of Energy Management & Energy Audit Available here with full solutions — 38 questions recovered from the 2017 exam:
Objective (1 mark)
38 of 50
Short (5 marks)
0 of 8
Long (10 marks)
0 of 6
This is not the complete paper. The questions below are the ones we could recover and verify; the rest of that year’s paper is not reproduced here. Every answer shown is checked against the 2014 BEE guidebook and carries its book section reference and an explanation.
Full paper pattern: Section-I 50×1 = 50 marks · Section-II 8×5 = 40 · Section-III 6×10 = 60 · Total 150, pass mark 75, 3 hours. ▶ Practice these interactively
Other years
Objective questions (1 mark) — 38
📖 §3.4 Fuels & combustion — see also Book-1 Ch.4 / Book-2 Ch.1 Fuels and Combustion
1. To maximize the combustion efficiency, which of the following in the flue gas needs to be done?
maximize O2
maximize CO2
minimize CO2
maximize CO
Answer: B) maximize CO2
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Complete combustion converts all carbon to CO2; the CO2 in flue gas is therefore highest when combustion is complete and excess air is minimum. Maximising O2 means excess air (dilution and stack loss); CO indicates incomplete combustion.
📖 §3.4 Humidity — RH, specific humidity, DBT, WBT and dew point
2. An indication of sensible heat content in air-water vapour mixture is
wet bulb temperature
dew point temperature
density of air
dry bulb temperature
Answer: D) dry bulb temperature
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Book-1 §3.4: 'Dry bulb measures sensible heat content in air-vapour mixtures' and is not influenced by RH. Wet-bulb accounts for RH (latent effect) and dew point is the saturation temperature.
📖 §3.1 Energy forms — primary/secondary, high- vs low-grade energy
3. Which of the following is false?
electricity is high-grade energy
high grade forms of energy are highly ordered and compact
low grade energy is better used for applications like melting of metals rather than heating water for bath
the molecules of low grade energy are more randomly distributed than the molecules of carbon in coal
Answer: C) low grade energy is better used for applications like melting of metals rather than heating water for bath
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.1 — Statement (c) is false. Low-grade (disordered, low-temperature) energy is best used for low-temperature duty such as bath-water heating; high-grade energy such as electricity is needed for melting metals. The other three statements are true.
📖 §3.4 Fuel properties — density, specific gravity, viscosity
4. Which of the following is not applicable to liquid fuels?
the viscosity of a liquid fuel is a measure of its internal resistance to flow.
the viscosity of all liquid fuels decreases with increase in its temperature
higher the viscosity of liquid fuels, higher will be its heating value
viscous fuels need heat tracing
Answer: C) higher the viscosity of liquid fuels, higher will be its heating value
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Book-1 §3.4 Fuel properties: viscosity is the internal resistance to flow and falls as temperature rises; heating value correlates with SPECIFIC GRAVITY, not viscosity. So (c) is the statement that does not apply.
📖 §4.6 Benchmarking — Equipment/Utility related parameters
5. The benchmarking parameter for a vapour compression refrigeration system is
kW / kg of refrigerant used
kcal / m3 of chilled water
BTU / Ton of Refrigeration
kW / Ton of Refrigeration
Answer: D) kW / Ton of Refrigeration
Confirmed vs Book-1 §4.6 — Book §4.6 lists "kWh/ton of refrigeration (on Air-conditioning plant)" as the equipment-related benchmark, and adds that parity of chilled-water temperature must be stated when comparing kW/TR. kW per kg of refrigerant and kcal/m3 of chilled water are not standard metrics, and BTU/TR mixes an energy unit with a power unit.
6. Which of the following GHGs has the longest atmospheric life time?
CO2
CFC
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
perfluorocarbon (PFC)
Answer: D) perfluorocarbon (PFC)
Confirmed vs Book-1 §10.5 — 'Perfluorcarbons is also considered as an important greenhouse gas as it has a long atmospheric life, more than several thousand years.' Table 10.1 gives PFC lifetime = 50,000 years, versus SF6 3200, N2O 114, CO2 5–200 and CFC 5–100 years. (Longest life = PFC; highest GWP = SF6.)
7. In a boiler, fuel substitution of coal with rice husk results in
energy conservation
energy efficiency
both energy conservation and energy efficiency
carbon neutrality
Answer: D) carbon neutrality
Confirmed — replacing coal with rice husk does not reduce the quantity of energy used (so it is not energy conservation, which per §1.15 means reducing the growth of energy consumption) nor does it lower energy per unit output (so it is not energy efficiency). Rice husk is biomass whose CO2 was recently absorbed from the atmosphere, so the substitution gives carbon neutrality.
8. Which of the following is not a part of energy audit as per the Energy Conservation Act, 2001?
monitoring and analysis of energy use
verification of energy use
submission of technical report with recommendations
ensuring implementation of recommended measures followed by review
Answer: D) ensuring implementation of recommended measures followed by review
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.1 — The statutory definition stops at verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use plus a technical report with recommendations, cost-benefit analysis and an action plan. Ensuring implementation of the measures and reviewing them is good practice but is outside the Act's definition, so (d) is not part of 'energy audit'.
9. Which of the following criteria is a responsibility of Designated Consumer?
designate or appoint an accredited Energy Auditor
adhere to stipulated energy consumption norms and standards as notified
submit the status of energy consumption information every three years
conduct energy audit through a certified energy auditor periodically
Answer: B) adhere to stipulated energy consumption norms and standards as notified
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.6 — The book lists as a DC obligation: 'Designated Consumers are required to adhere to energy efficient consumption norms stipulated.' The traps: (a) the DC appoints an ENERGY MANAGER (the auditor must be accredited, not appointed by the DC as its officer); (c) the status of energy consumption is submitted EVERY FINANCIAL YEAR, not every three years; (d) the audit must be by an ACCREDITED, not merely certified, energy auditor.
📖 §1.14 Energy Security — strategies for the future
10. Which of the following is an energy security measure?
fully exploiting domestic energy resources
diversifying energy supply source
substitution of imported fuels for domestic fuels to the extent possible
all of the above
Answer: D) all of the above
Confirmed vs Book-1 §1.14 — the listed strategies include expanding/exploiting domestic energy resources, diversifying energy supply sources (mix of fuels, sourcing from different countries) and substituting imported oil/gas with domestic alternatives such as ethanol, biodiesel and coal-to-oil. All three are book strategies, so 'all of the above' is right and any single choice is incomplete.
📖 §3.3 Power factor — power triangle kW/kVA/kVAr, PF = cosθ
11. Which of the following statements are true? i) reactive current is necessary to build up the flux for the magnetic field of inductive devices ii) some portion of reactive current is converted into work iii) the cosine of angle between kVA and kVAr vector is called power factor iv) the cosine of angle between kW and kVA vector is called power factor
i & iv
ii & iii
i & iii
iii & iv
Answer: A) i & iv
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Book-1 §3.3 Power factor: (i) is true - 'the reactive current is necessary to build up the flux for the magnetic field of inductive devices'; (iv) is true - PF = cos of the angle between kW and kVA. (ii) is false (reactive current does no useful work) and (iii) is false (the angle is between kW and kVA, not kVA and kVAr).
📖 §10.5 CO2 avoided = energy saved × emission factor
12. Assume CO2 equivalent emissions by the use of a 60 W incandescent lamp are of the order of 60 g/hr. If it is replaced by a 5 W LED lamp then the equivalent CO2 emissions will be
nil
5 g/hr
12 g/hr
300 g/hr
Answer: B) 5 g/hr
Confirmed vs Book-1 §10.5 — Emissions scale with the connected load: 60 W → 60 g/hr means 1 g/hr per watt. A 5 W LED therefore causes 5 g/hr of CO2 — a 55 g/hr avoidance, but not zero, since the electricity comes from fossil generation.
📖 §11.1 Concept of New and Renewable Energy (Concept of New and Renewable Energy)
13. Energy sources which are inexhaustible are known as
commercial energy
primary energy
renewable energy
secondary energy
Answer: C) renewable energy
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.1 Concept of New and Renewable Energy (Concept of New and Renewable Energy) —
Book: ‘Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible such as sun and wind … Renewable energy is also known as non-conventional energy.’
Commercial/primary/secondary are classifications by trade and by conversion stage, not by inexhaustibility.
Answer c.
14. As per Energy Conservation Act, 2001, a BEE Certified Energy Manger is required to be appointed/designated by the
state designated agencies
all industrial consumers
designated consumers
electrical distribution licensees
Answer: C) designated consumers
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.6 — Sec 14(l) empowers the Central Government to direct any DESIGNATED CONSUMER to designate or appoint an energy manager in charge of efficient use of energy. State designated agencies, all industrial consumers and distribution licensees are not covered by that requirement.
📖 §7.3 Financial Analysis Techniques — Return on Investment (ROI)
15. The retrofitting of a variable speed drive in a plant costs Rs 2 lakh. The annual savings is Rs 0.5 lakh. The maintenance cost is Rs. 5,000/year. The return on investment is
25%
22.5%
24%
27.5%
Answer: B) 22.5%
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.3 — Annual NET cash flow = 0.50 - 0.05 = Rs.0.45 lakh/yr (maintenance Rs.5,000 = Rs.0.05 lakh must be deducted).
ROI = (0.45 / 2.00) x 100 = 22.5%. (Ignoring maintenance gives the distractor 25%.)
16. ______ is a statistical technique which determines and quantifies the relationship between variables and enables standard equations to be established for energy consumption.
linear regression analysis
time-dependent energy analysis
moving annual total
CUSUM
Answer: A) linear regression analysis
Confirmed vs Book-1 §9.6 — 'Linear regression analysis is a statistical technique which determines and quantifies the relationship between variables... enables standard equations to be established for energy consumption.' CUSUM plots cumulative differences, MAT sums 12-month totals and time-dependent analysis only plots energy against time. Answer (a).
17. The power generation potential in mini hydro power plant for a water flow of 3 m3/sec with a head of 14 meters and with a system efficiency of 55% is
226.6 kW
76.4 kW
23.1 kW
none of the above
Answer: A) 226.6 kW
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.7 Hydro Power (Water into Watts) —
P (kW) = 9.81 × Q × H × η = 9.81 × 3 × 14 × 0.55.
9.81 × 3 = 29.43; × 14 = 412.02; × 0.55 = 226.6 kW.
Answer a.
18. Which of the following two statements are true regarding application of Kaizen for energy conservation? i) Kaizen events are structured for reduction of only energy wastes ii) Kaizen events engage workers in such a way so that they get involved in energy conservation efforts iii) Implementation of kaizen events takes place after review and approval of top management iv) In a Kaizen event, it may happen that small change in one area may result in significant savings in overall energy use
ii & iv
i & iii
iii & iv
i & iv
Answer: A) ii & iv
Confirmed vs Book-1 §6.8 Management Tools — Statement (ii) is true - kaizen events 'really engage employees in such a way that they are enrolled in energy conservation efforts in the future'; (iv) is true - the plastics colouring example shows a small change in layout and material flow producing a big reduction in forklift fuel. Statement (i) is false because kaizen targets various forms of waste, not energy alone, and (iii) is false because kaizen relies on the operator/supervisor acting on the spot, not on prior top-management approval.
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.6 Biomass Energy (Gasification of Biomass) —
Book: partial combustion yields ‘Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H₂) and traces of Methane (CH₄)’; the methanation reaction C + 2H₂ = CH₄ supplies the CH₄.
So producer gas is not only CH₄, nor only CO + H₂.
Answer c.
21. Which of the following statements is correct regarding ‘float’ for an activity?
Time between its earliest start time and earliest finish time
Time between its latest start time and latest finish time
Time between latest start time and earliest finish time
Time between earliest finish time and latest finish time
Answer: D) Time between earliest finish time and latest finish time
Confirmed vs Book-1 §8.3 — Book-1: total float is 'the time between its earliest and latest start time, or between its earliest and latest finish time', i.e. Float = LS − ES = LF − EF.
Of the four choices only (d), the time between earliest finish and latest finish (LF − EF), is one of these two valid expressions.
Options (a) and (b) give the activity duration, and (c) is meaningless.
22. The Energy Conservation Act,2001 requires that all designated consumers should get energy audits conducted periodically by
certified energy manager
certified energy auditor
accredited energy auditor
state Designated Agencies
Answer: C) accredited energy auditor
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.6 — 'The designated consumer has to get an energy audit conducted by an accredited energy auditor.' Accreditation (BEE's list under Sec 13(o)) is the key word; a certified energy manager or a certified energy auditor without accreditation cannot sign the mandatory audit, and SDAs only compile the reports.
📖 §3.3 Power factor — power triangle kW/kVA/kVAr, PF = cosθ
23. The term missing in the following equation (kVA)² = (kVA cosφ)² + ( ? )² is
cosφ
sinφ
kVA sinφ
kVArh
Answer: C) kVA sin phi
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — From the power triangle kW = kVA·cosθ and kVAr = kVA·sinθ, so (kVA)² = (kVA cosθ)² + (kVA sinθ)². The missing term is kVA·sinθ (the reactive component).
📖 §3.4 Latent heat of fusion / vaporization — Qₗ = m · h
24. 2000 kJ of heat is supplied to 500 kg of ice at 0°C. If the latent heat of fusion of ice is 335 kJ/kg then the amount of ice in kg melted will be
1.49
83.75
5.97
None of the above
Answer: C) 5.97
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Qₗ = m x h_if, so m = Qₗ/h_if = 2000 kJ / 335 kJ/kg = 5.97 kg. (Only 5.97 kg of the 500 kg of ice melts; the rest stays as ice at 0 degC.)
25. An electric heater draws 5 kW of power for continuous hot water generation in an industry. How much quantity of water in litres per min can be heated from 30°C to 85°C ignoring losses?.
1.3
78.18
275
none of the above
Answer: A) 1.3
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Heat available per minute = 5 kW x 60 s = 300 kJ/min = 300/4.187 = 71.6 kcal/min. Water flow = Q/(Cp x dT) = 71.6/(1 x (85-30)) = 1.30 litres/min.
📖 §3.2 Work, Energy and Power — W = F·s, P = W/t, 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ
26. An electric heater consumes 1000 Joules of energy in 5 seconds. Its power rating is:
200 W
1000 W
5000W
none of the above
Answer: A) 200 W
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.2 — Book-1 §3.2: P = W/t = 1000 J / 5 s = 200 J/s = 200 W. Book-1 Ch.3, Work, Energy and Power — W = F·s, P = W/t, 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.
📖 §3.4 Specific heat — Table 3.1 Specific heat of common substances
27. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a given substance by 1 °C is known as:
sensible heat
specific heat
heat capacity
latent heat
Answer: C) heat capacity
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Heat capacity is the heat needed to raise the temperature of a GIVEN body/quantity of substance by 1 degC. Specific heat (Book-1 §3.4) is defined per 1 kg of substance, so it is not the right term when no mass is specified.
28. Which of the following parameters is not considered for external Bench Marking?
scale of operation
energy pricing
raw materials and product quality
vintage of technology
Answer: B) energy pricing
Confirmed vs Book-1 Ch.3 — External benchmarking compares plants on technical parameters - scale of operation, vintage of technology, raw material and product quality. Energy PRICE is a commercial/location factor and is excluded because it does not reflect energy performance.
Confirmed vs Book-1 §4.12 — Book §4.12: a sling psychrometer "consists of two thermometers" — one ordinary (dry bulb) and one with a wet cloth wick (wet bulb) — and BOTH temperatures are read after whirling. Relative humidity is not measured directly: the book says "by using these temperatures the humidity is computed", so (d) is the tempting but wrong choice.
📖 §3.5 SI base and derived units (mole; M of H₂O = 18 g/mol)
30. The number of moles of water contained in 36 kg of water is ------------
2
3
4
5
Answer: A) 2
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.5 — Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol (18 kg/kmol). Moles = 36 kg / 18 kg per kmol = 2 kmol (i.e. 2000 mol). Book-1 Ch.3, SI base and derived units (mole; M of H₂O = 18 g/mol).
📖 §3.3 Example 3.6 — resistive load power varies as V²
31. A process electric heater is taking an hour to reach the desired temperature while operating at 440 V. It will take ------- hours to reach the same temperature if the supply voltage is reduced to 220 V.
2
3
4
5
Answer: C) 4
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — For a fixed resistance, P = V²/R. Halving the voltage from 440 V to 220 V gives one quarter of the power, so the same heat requires four times the time: 1 h x 4 = 4 hours.
32. In a manufacturing plant, following data are gathered for a given month: Production - 1200 pieces; specific energy consumption - 1000 kWh/piece; variable energy consumption - 950 kWh/piece. The fixed energy consumption of the plant for the month is -------
6,000 kWh
10,000 kWh
12,000 kWh
60,000 kWh
Answer: D) 60,000 kWh
Confirmed vs Book-1 §9.6 — fixed share per piece = SEC - variable = 1000 - 950 = 50 kWh/piece. Fixed energy for the month C = 50 × 1200 pieces = 60,000 kWh (total 12,00,000 kWh minus variable 11,40,000 kWh). Answer (d).
📖 §3.3 Power factor — power triangle kW/kVA/kVAr, PF = cosθ
33. The component of electric power which yields useful mechanical power output is known as
apparent power
active power
reactive power
none of the above
Answer: B) active power
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Book-1 §3.3 Power factor: 'The resistive portion is also known as the active power which is directly converted to useful work.' Reactive power builds flux only; apparent power (kVA) is the vector sum.
📖 §3.4 Calorific value — GCV vs NCV (bomb calorimeter)
34. An oil fired boiler is retrofitted to fire coconut shell chips. Boiler thermal efficiency drops from 82% to 70%. What will be the percentage change in energy consumption to generate the same output
12% increase
14.6% increase
17.1% decrease
17.1% increase
Answer: D) 17.1% increase
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — For the same useful output, fuel energy is inversely proportional to efficiency. Ratio = 82/70 = 1.171, so the energy consumption rises by 17.1%.
📖 §3.3 Power, Voltage & Current — 3-phase P = √3·Vₗ·Iₗ·cosφ
35. A three phase induction motor is drawing 16 Ampere at 440 Volts. If the operating power factor of the motor is 0.90 and the motor efficiency is 92%, then the mechanical shaft power output of the motor is
12.04 kW
10.09 kW
10.97 kW
None of the above
Answer: B) 10.09 kW
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Input power = sqrt3 x V x I x PF = 1.732 x 440 x 16 x 0.90 = 10,974 W = 10.97 kW. Shaft output = 10.97 x 0.92 = 10.09 kW. Book-1 Ch.3, Power, Voltage & Current — 3-phase P = √3·Vₗ·Iₗ·cosφ.
📖 §11.4 Solar Electrical Energy (Energy conversion efficiency of a PV cell)
36. The energy conversion efficiency of a solar cell does not depend on
solar energy insolation
inverter
area of the solar cell
maximum power output
Answer: B) inverter
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.4 Solar Electrical Energy (Energy conversion efficiency of a PV cell) —
Book formula: η = (Pm / (E × A)) × 100, where Pm = maximum power output (W), E = insolation (W/m²) and A = cell area (m²).
Only these three quantities appear, so cell efficiency is independent of the inverter (a downstream balance-of-system component).
Answer b.
📖 §7.3 Financial Analysis Techniques — Return on Investment (ROI)
37. The cost of replacement of inefficient chiller with an energy efficient chiller in a plant was Rs. 10 lakh .The net annual cash flow is Rs 2.50 lakh .The return on investment is:
18%
20%
15 %
none of the above
Answer: D) none of the above
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.3 — ROI = (2.50 / 10.00) x 100 = 25%, which is not listed in (a), (b) or (c).
Hence 'none of the above'. (Equivalently payback = 4 years and ROI = 1/4 = 25%.)
📖 §7.7 Energy Performance Contracting and Role of ESCOs
38. The contractor provides the financing and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings achieved. This payment is used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services. This is known as
traditional contract
extended technical guarantee/service
performance Contract
shared savings performance contract
Answer: D) shared savings performance contract
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.7 — Book: in SHARED SAVINGS the ESCO 'designs, finances and implements the project, verifies energy savings and shares an agreed percentage of the actual energy savings over a fixed period with the customer.'
ESCO-provided finance repaid out of an agreed fraction of measured savings = shared savings performance contract.